Submissions

Author Guidelines

Authors are invited to make a submission to this journal. All submissions will be assessed by an editor to determine whether they meet the aims and scope of this journal. Those considered to be a good fit will be sent for peer review before determining whether they will be accepted or rejected.

Before making a submission, authors are responsible for obtaining permission to publish any material included with the submission, such as photos, documents, and datasets. All authors identified on the submission must consent to be identified as an author. Where appropriate, research should be approved by an appropriate ethics committee in accordance with the legal requirements of the study's country.

An editor may desk reject a submission if it does not meet minimum standards of quality. Before submitting, please ensure that the study design and research argument are structured and articulated properly. The title should be concise, and the abstract should be able to stand on its own. This will increase the likelihood of reviewers agreeing to review the paper. When you're satisfied that your submission meets this standard, please follow the checklist below to prepare your submission. Due to page limitations, the inclusion of accepted articles in a journal issue strictly follows the time order of acceptance except in rare cases when an accepted manuscript is deemed deserving of rapid publication.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

Structure of the Article. Article length should be between 6000 and 8000 words maximum, including notes and a bibliography. The text needs to be typed with Word software 1997-2003:

Font Times New Roman
Format 12, Single Line spacing

Article Structure (Title and Author Information)

Abstract. The abstract should encapsulate the brief summary of the research article including the corresponding keywords that allow other researchers to search your article. Also, it should capture the general information about your paper for your readers to have a clear picture of what your article is all about. It does not only provide the general scope of your research but also includes the essential result of your study and the conclusion that can be drawn from the result.

Keywords. Add up to 5 keywords in lowercase, but capitalize proper nouns, and separate each keyword by comma.

Acknowledgment. This part of the paper includes those people A, B, or C whom the author wishes to thank or those collaborating agencies who provided a grant for the realization of your study. This section is compulsory. Grants, financial support, and technical or other assistance are acknowledged at the end of the text before the references. All financial support for the project must be acknowledged. If there has been no financial assistance with the project, this must be clearly stated.

Declaration of Competing Interest. All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias their work. If none, please state: “The authors declare no competing interests.”

Declaration of Generative AI Use. Authors must declare the use of generative AI in the manuscript preparation process upon submission of the paper. An example: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME OF TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.

Funding Source. Please specify all sources of financial support for the study. Include the funding agency, grant number (if applicable), and the role of the funder in the study. If no funding was received, please state: “This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”

Authors' Contributions. Authors must describe individual contributions using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy). Contributions may include, but are not limited to: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project Administration, and Funding Acquisition.

Example:

First Author: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft. Second Author Name: Methodology, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing. Third Author Name: Resources, Supervision, Project Administration. Fourth Author Name: Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing, Funding Acquisition.

Availability of Data and Materials. Indicate whether the data supporting the findings are available and how they may be accessed. If data are publicly available, provide the repository name and link. If data are not publicly available, please state the reason (e.g., ethical restrictions) and whether data may be available upon reasonable request.

Article Structure (Full Manuscript)

Introduction. The introduction of your research paper should explain what the research problem is all about which includes a very brief discussion of what has been done from previous research in relation to your problem and the gap you are trying to address. Likewise, the purpose of why you have conducted your research must be highlighted in this section including the contribution of the article.

Material and methods. This part of the research article should have a detailed discussion as regards the procedures that had been followed to come up with this study. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

If in case that there are several methods that you have utilized in your study, you can separate each of the following components of your methods by making subsections.

Each subheading should be Bold and italicized.

Results. Results should be clear and concise. Results should be presented continuously starting from the main result until supporting results. The unit of measurement used should follow the prevailing international system. It should also be allowed to present diagrams, tables, pictures, and graphics followed by narration of them.

The headings of each table should be bold and should appear above the table while captions of figures should appear below the figure itself and must be in lowercase form.

When referring to a figure in the body of the text of your paper, it should be abbreviated as “Fig.” At the same time, figures should be numbered based on how they appear in the text.

Figures, tables, and diagrams should be editable. Please do not send tables and figures in separate files. They should be embedded in the paper itself. Figures should have a resolution of at least 300.

Discussion. Describe the significance of your findings. Consider the most important part of your paper. Do not be verbose or repetitive, be concise and make your points clear. Follow a logical stream of thought; in general, interpret and discuss the significance of your findings in the same sequence you described them in your results section. Use the present verb tense, especially for established facts; however, refer to specific works or prior studies in the past tense. If needed, use subheadings to help organize your discussion or to categorize your interpretations into themes. The content of the discussion section includes the explanation of results, references to previous research, deduction, and hypothesis.

It should also include the limitation of the paper to allow other researchers to look into other possibilities of another research problem. Furthermore, possible applications and extensions of the study are included as well.

Conclusions. This section of the research paper should contain a review of the major points of the research paper based on your objective. The conclusion should be explained clearly and related to the hypothesis and new findings. Suggestions might be added containing a recommendation on the research done or an input that can be used directly by consumers.

References. The author-year notation system is required and completed. All references mentioned should be written down in reference using APA 7th Edition and arranged from A to Z. Articles have a minimum of 25 recent references (last 10 years) and 80% is the journal. References from journal publications should be provided by DOI. All cited references must be mentioned in the in-text citation. If you are a Mendeley user, please download the reference style here https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide/

Submission Preparation Checklist

All submissions must meet the following requirements.

This submission meets the requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.
This submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration.
All references have been checked for accuracy and completeness.
All tables and figures have been numbered and labeled.
Permission has been obtained to publish all photos, datasets, and other material provided with this submission.

All submissions shall include the following as attachments:

(a) Cover letter (in .pdf format) from the corresponding author explaining why their manuscript satisfies the Journal publication criteria of originality, merit, scientific novelty, and significance; the letter must contain the email addresses of all contributing authors. It must declare that the manuscript and portions of it have never appeared and is currently not under consideration in other journals elsewhere.

(b) Abstract and Author Information

(c) Full manuscript (with no author information; in doc/docx format) with figures and tables.

(d) An accomplished authorship statement (in .pdf format) stating the specific contribution of each author in the conception, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript.

Incomplete submissions will not be reviewed.

Use of Inclusive Language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Authors should ensure their work uses inclusive language throughout and contains nothing which might imply one individual is superior to another on the grounds of:

age
gender
race
ethnicity
culture
sexual orientation
disability or health condition

We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors about personal attributes unless they are relevant and valid. Write for gender neutrality with the use of plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default. Wherever possible, avoid using "he, she," or "he/she."

No assumptions should be made about the beliefs of readers and writing should be free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions.

These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help you identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

Reporting Sex- and Gender-Based Analyses

There is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender. We offer the following guidance:

Sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) should be integrated into research design when research involves or pertains to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells. This should be done in accordance with any requirements set by funders or sponsors and best practices within a field.
Sex and/or gender dimensions of the research should be addressed within the article or declared as a limitation to the generalizability of the research.
Definitions of sex and/or gender applied should be explicitly stated to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of the research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer.

We advise you to read the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines (Table 1) and the SAGER checklist (PDF) on the EASE website, which offer systematic approaches to the use of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation.

Table 1. Sex and Gender Equity in Research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use (Heidari et al., 2016)

*General principles*
• Authors should use the terms sex and gender carefully in order to avoid confusing both terms.
• Where the subjects of research comprise organisms capable of differentiation by sex, the research should be designed and conducted in a way that can reveal sex-related differences in the results, even if these were not initially expected.
• Where subjects can also be differentiated by gender (shaped by social and cultural circumstances), the research should be conducted similarly at this additional level of distinction.
*Recommendations per section of the article*
Title and abstract	If only one sex is included in the study, or if the results of the study are to be applied to only one sex or gender, the title and the abstract should specify the sex of animals or any cells, tissues and other material derived from these and the sex and gender of human participants.
Introduction	Authors should report, where relevant, whether sex and/or gender differences may be expected.
Methods	Authors should report how sex and gender were taken into account in the design of the study, whether they ensured adequate representation of males and females, and justify the reasons for any exclusion of males or females.
Results	Where appropriate, data should be routinely presented disaggregated by sex and gender. Sex- and gender-based analyses should be reported regardless of positive or negative outcome. In clinical trials, data on withdrawals and dropouts should also be reported disaggregated by sex.
Discussion	The potential implications of sex and gender on the study results and analyses should be discussed. If a sex and gender analysis was not conducted, the rationale should be given. Authors should further discuss the implications of the lack of such analysis on the interpretation of the results.

Definitions of sex and/or gender

We ask authors to define how sex and gender have been used in their research and publication. Some guidance:

Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features such as chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy. A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth") and is in most cases based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. In reality, sex categorizations include people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD).
Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society.

Depending on the focus of a paper, sex and/or gender may or may not be relevant to the content of the paper. We recognize that beliefs, attitudes, and laws relating to sex and gender may vary. These articles do not attempt to dictate author beliefs but rather require that, where relevant to an author’s research or paper, the author must provide clear explanations of how the paper and research define and use sex and gender.

Original Research Article

Original Research articles report on primary and unpublished studies. Original Research may also encompass confirming studies and disconfirming results which allow hypothesis elimination, reformulation and/or report on the non-reproducibility of previously published results. Original Research articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 10,000. Original Research articles should have the following format: 1) Abstract, 2) Introduction, 3) Materials and Methods, 4) Results, 5) Discussion.

Review Articles

Review Articles present a synthesis of previous research, and use clearly defined methods to identify, categorize, analyze, and report aggregated evidence on a specific topic. This article type includes meta-syntheses, meta-analyses, mapping reviews, scoping reviews, systematic reviews, and systematic reviews with a meta-analysis. Systematic Review articles are peer-reviewed and have a maximum word count of 10,000.

Systematic Reviews should: clearly define the research question in terms of population, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study designs (PICOS), and state which reporting guidelines were used in the study. For design and reporting, systematic reviews must conform to the reporting guidelines (e.g., PRISMA, Cochrane, Campbell), and include the PRISMA flow diagram http://prisma-statement.org/prismastatement/flowdiagram.aspx (if applicable). Systematic Reviews should have the following format: 1) Abstract, 2) Introduction, 3) Methods (including study design; participants; interventions; comparators; systematic review protocol; search strategy; data sources; study sections and data extraction; data analysis), 4) Results (including a flow diagram of the studies retrieved for the review; study selection and characteristics; synthesized findings; assessment of risk of bias), 5) Discussion (including summary of main findings; limitations; conclusions). Review Articles must not include unpublished material (unpublished/original data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications) and may be rejected in review or reclassified, at a significant delay, if found to include such content.

Writing a review of literature is to provide a critical evaluation of the data available from existing studies. Review articles can identify potential research areas to explore next, and sometimes they will draw new conclusions from the existing data.

Short Report

Short reports are suitable for the presentation of research that extends previously published research, including the reporting of additional controls and confirmatory results in other settings, as well as negative results. Authors must clearly acknowledge any work upon which they are building, both published and unpublished.

Short reports should be no longer than 2500 words*.

Letter to the Editor

We recognize the importance of post-publication commentary on published research as necessary to advancing scientific discourse. Formal post-publication commentary on published papers can involve either challenges, clarifications or in some cases, replication of the published work and may, after peer review, be published online as a letter to the Editor, usually alongside a reply from the original authors.

Letters to the Editor should ideally be based on knowledge contemporaneous with the original paper, rather than subsequent scientific developments.

If the submission serves only to identify an important error or mistake in the published paper, it will usually lead to the publication of a clarification statement (correction or retraction, for example).

Letters to the Editor and replies are bidirectionally linked with the original published paper. The journal does not consider Letters to the Editor on papers published in other journals. Contributions that do not comply with our submission criteria will not be considered.

Before formal submission, the author(s) should contact the journal with a pre-submission enquiry. If approved for submission as a Letter to the Editor, the article should then be submitted through the submission system.

Letters to the Editor should be around 800 words, excluding references. They should be written in a neutral tone and all comments/discussion must relate to the original published article. All such articles considered for publication will be subject to peer review, and the decision to accept or reject an article is at the Editor’s discretion.

Commentaries

Commentaries are short (~2500 words*) articles covering a contemporary issue that is relevant to the journal's scope. They are usually commissioned by the journal, but we do on occasion consider and peer review unsolicited submissions.

Commentaries are not mini reviews and generally take one of two forms:

The first form is editorial in nature, grounded in the relevant literature and covers an important aspect of implementation research practice and or seeks to move the field forward in some way.

The second form is a commentary on a study or review that was recently published or that is soon to be published, and that is interesting enough to warrant further comment or explanation. This type of commentary discusses specific issues within a subject area rather than the whole field, explains the implications of the article, and puts it in context. Opinions are welcome as long as they are factually based.

A maximum of twenty articles may be included in the references.

*The word count includes the words from the main text, ie “Introduction” to the end of “Conclusions”. It doesn’t include abstracts, tables, figures, etc.

Copyright Notice

Pure Open Access Journals allow the author to retain the copyright in their articles. Contents of the Journal are subject to the existing intellectual property law. Articles can be accessed and reproduced on paper or digital media, provided that they are strictly used for personal, scientific, or educational purposes excluding any commercial exploitation. Reproduction must necessarily mention the editor, the journal name, the author, and the document reference. Any other reproduction is strictly forbidden without permission of the publisher or the author.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.