Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies
Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies (MJSSDS), a peer-reviewed journal, is the official publication of Occidental Mindoro State College is published on a biannual basis, with two (2) issues released each calendar year. The journal follows the publication schedule of January–June (Issue 1) and July–December (Issue 2). It aims to promote study and research that forge links between the social sciences and sustainable rural development. This journal is an interdisciplinary publication and welcomes articles from diverse theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches, which engage and contribute to rural development. It also focuses on the significance, roles, and implications of various disciplines on rural societies and community development. MJSSDS publishes articles in English or Filipino. For manuscripts written in Filipino, authors must provide English translations of the title, abstract, keywords, and any non-English references. Filipino manuscripts are accepted only when the subject matter is directly related to Filipino language, literature, culture, or other language studies where the use of Filipino is academically justified. However, if the article can reasonably be written in English without loss of meaning, it is expected to be submitted in English. In cases where the manuscript is not intended to be translated into English due to the nature of the content (e.g., linguistic analysis, cultural discourse, or context-specific Filipino expressions that are central to the study), the journal may allow full Filipino text, provided that the required English metadata (title, abstract, keywords, and references where applicable) are still supplied.
Multiple, redundant, and concurrent publication: Why are they problematic?
The integrity of scholarly publishing rests on a shared commitment to trust, transparency, and the responsible stewardship of editorial and peer-review resources. Within this system, editors, reviewers, and readers must be assured that every manuscript submitted for consideration is original, is not under review elsewhere, and is accompanied by full disclosure of any related scholarly work. These expectations are not merely administrative requirements; they constitute the ethical infrastructure through which research acquires credibility, becomes part of the scholarly record, and informs academic, institutional, and policy deliberation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Artemio M. Gonzales Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Interdisciplinary pathways to sustainable rural development: Culture, community, and evidence-based practice
This issue advances the mission of the Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies to link social science research with sustainable rural development. The articles in this issue apply interdisciplinary approaches to examine how culture, knowledge systems, and spatial data inform community development, public health, and policy in rural and marginalized settings. The study on Confucian humanity among Ghanaian university students contributes to rural sociology and education by examining how ethical values shape social responsibility and future leadership roles. While students express strong support for care and respect for the elderly, the weak link to leadership development points to the need for structured programs that translate values into community-based leadership practice. The research on the Hanunuo Mangyan community directly addresses indigenous knowledge, rural livelihood, and community development. Through ethnographic methods, the study identifies sectoral strengths in agriculture, culture, and tourism, while highlighting gaps in education and governance. The proposed strategic plan provides a clear model for community extension and evidence-based rural development. The anthropological study in Bangladesh contributes to public health in rural areas by showing how geographic isolation, cultural beliefs, and limited infrastructure shape health-seeking behavior. The findings support the design of accessible and culturally responsive health services, including mobile care and improved referral systems in vulnerable rural communities. The geospatial analysis of poverty in Sri Lanka aligns with rural economics and policy development. By mapping subnational disparities, the study shows that poverty reduction is uneven across local areas. This approach supports targeted interventions and strengthens the role of spatial data in rural planning and resource allocation. The final article presents a methodological contribution to rural infrastructure and technology. It integrates indigenous knowledge with geospatial analysis to improve vulnerability mapping in agrarian communities. The results show better alignment between local perceptions and technical models, supporting more accurate and context-sensitive decision-making. Across all studies, this issue highlights a central goal of the journal. Effective rural development requires interdisciplinary research that integrates cultural insight, local knowledge, and empirical data. These contributions provide practical evidence to support policies and programs that are responsive to the realities of rural communities.
Revitalizing culture and economy of Hanunuo Mangyan: A strategic community development program
Indigenous people are recognized as bearers of cultural heritage and stewards of the world’s biodiversity, yet they remain among the most marginalized, often facing poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy, discrimination, and exploitation. Despite numerous interventions, the absence of targeted, evidence-based approaches has limited their effectiveness. The study aims to formulate a strategic community development program for the Hanunuo indigenous community. This study, conducted in the Philippines, where indigenous groups experience marginalization, armed conflict, land dispossession, and environmental degradation, employed a qualitative ethnographic design to gather baseline data for informed policy-making and strategic community development. Using community immersion, participatory observation, interviews, and focus group discussions with the Hanunuo indigenous community of southern Oriental Mindoro, the research identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to identify key areas for improvement. Findings revealed that tourism, industry, agriculture, and culture hold high development potential, whereas education and governance need urgent interventions. These findings were presented in a TOWS matrix by Weihrich to facilitate strategy formulation for each sector and were subsequently used to develop a strategic community development plan in the project's second phase. This research offers valuable benchmarks for government agencies, higher education institutions, and non-government organizations involved in indigenous community development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zussette Candelario-Aplaon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cultural ontology-enhanced attribute matching for community-based geo-spatial vulnerability mapping in remote agrarian settlements
Vulnerability mapping in remote agrarian settlements is constrained by a persistent disconnect between qualitative local knowledge and quantitative geospatial data. This study presents a cultural ontology-enhanced attribute-matching framework for community-based geospatial vulnerability mapping in remote agrarian settlements, addressing the disconnect between qualitative local knowledge and quantitative geospatial data by systematically integrating vernacular risk indicators into geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Cultural vulnerability ontology (CVO) is constructed from community-generated narratives using attention-based term extraction and aligned with geospatial variables through a graph neural network (GNN)-based cross-modal framework. The approach is adopted in Amta-II Community Development Block, West Bengal, India, a flood-prone agrarian region characterized by low-lying terrain and agriculture-dependent livelihoods, where a corpus of 12,000 vernacular text segments was collected through participatory methods to extract culturally significant indicators. Comparative evaluation against baseline methods shows improved alignment performance, with gains of up to 22% in Precision@5 and 37% over conventional rule-based approaches, while the resulting culturally grounded vulnerability index demonstrates stronger agreement with community-identified risk zones, achieving an Intersection-over-Union (IoU) of 0.64 compared to 0.48 under traditional AHP-based weighting. These results indicate that integrating culturally embedded knowledge into geospatial frameworks enhances the contextual accuracy and interpretability of vulnerability assessments, offering a scalable, adaptable approach for spatial decision-making in data-scarce, climate-sensitive rural environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stabak Roy, Saptarshi Mitra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Confucian humanity (Ren) and leadership development among Ghanaian university students: Evidence from the University of Ghana
This paper delved into the perceptions of University of Ghana students in Ghana regarding Confucius's study, as well as the ethical principle of humanity (Ren) encompassing care, generosity, and sympathy, and its influence on students' conduct towards the elderly in society also studying the after-effects of students possibly taking on leadership roles in society. The study involved 240 students, equally divided between the Chinese and non-Chinese sections across all undergraduate levels. It utilized a mixed-method research approach, comprising questionnaires, in-depth interviews with lecturers and students from both sections, as well as parents, and a focus group discussion. The findings revealed a generally positive impression of the Confucius Institute, although some respondents displayed fewer positive reactions. Additionally, the study disclosed that while Ghanaian students may not be financially equipped for caregiving responsibilities, they do endorse the integration of the Chinese ethical principle of humanity into national policy, especially regarding caring for the elderly. Moreover, the findings suggested a weak correlation between the ethical principle of humanity and the development of leadership skills among students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efia Mirekua Farcor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Between rivers, beliefs, and clinics: An anthropological study of health-seeking practices in the char areas of Gaibandha Sadar, Bangladesh
Health-seeking practices in geographically isolated riverine islands (chars) of northern Bangladesh remain underexamined despite persistent climate vulnerability and infrastructural constraints. This qualitative study explores therapeutic decision-making among residents of Mollar Char and Kamarjani unions in Gaibandha Sadar. Drawing on 32 in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations, the research examines how environmental instability, socio-economic precarity, and cultural belief systems shape patterns of medical pluralism. Guided by the culture-centered approach (CCA) and the health belief model (HBM), the study analyzes how perceived barriers, risk perceptions, relational trust, and institutional accessibility influence healthcare trajectories. Findings indicate that traditional healers and informal providers constitute the primary entry point into care, while biomedical facilities are typically approached only when illness is perceived as severe. Maternal health vulnerabilities are shaped by the intersection of geographic isolation and gendered norms operating within limited-service availability. The study highlights how therapeutic pluralism functions as both pragmatic adaptation and response to infrastructural constraints. Evidence-informed policy implications include strengthened referral linkages, mobile service integration, and context-sensitive health infrastructure planning for climate-vulnerable settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sheikh Mehzabin Chitra, Sheikh Mehbuba Moitree (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Geospatial analysis of subnational poverty dynamics: A spatial and temporal framework for evidence-based policy
Poverty exhibits pronounced spatial and temporal variation, necessitating disaggregated analysis to inform targeted development policy. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of poverty in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka at the Divisional Secretariat Division level between 2002 and 2012. Secondary data on the poverty headcount ratio and the population living below the poverty line were obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics. The analysis employed ArcGIS-based spatial techniques, including graduated color classification, unique value mapping, integrated bar chart visualization, and field calculations to derive division-level poverty indicators, enabling comparative mapping across two time periods. The results indicate an overall decline in poverty across the district, with the number of high-poverty divisions decreasing from three in 2002 to two in 2012. The maximum poverty headcount ratio declined from 12 percent to 11 percent, while the minimum rate decreased from 4 percent to 3 percent over the decade. However, poverty reduction was spatially uneven. Divisions such as Dompe recorded a substantial decline in the number of poor households, falling from 26,544 to 8,321, whereas Katana experienced a 4.1 percent increase in its poverty headcount ratio, shifting from a low to a high poverty category by 2012. The findings reveal persistent intra-district disparities and shifting poverty hotspots, underscoring the limitations of aggregate district-level statistics. By providing a spatially disaggregated and temporally comparative assessment, the study demonstrates the value of division-level poverty mapping for identifying vulnerable areas and informing region-specific, evidence-based poverty alleviation strategies in Sri Lanka.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isuru Udakara Yakandawala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Advancing local knowledge: Evidence-based studies in education, environment, health, and community development
It is with great pleasure that we present this latest issue of the Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies (MJSSDS). This issue exemplifies the journal’s continued commitment to promoting rigorous, locally relevant, and interdisciplinary research that informs policy, practice, and community development. Across diverse domains including education, environmental management, community livelihoods, and maternal health. The articles compiled in this issue demonstrate how evidence-based research can illuminate challenges, identify opportunities, and guide meaningful community interventions in the Philippines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Artemio M. Gonzales Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Examining the predictive role of breastfeeding knowledge on self-efficacy among second-time nursing mothers in Angeles City, Pampanga
Despite the well-documented health benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and infant, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal globally, with barriers including knowledge gaps and poor maternal confidence. Understanding how breastfeeding knowledge influences self-efficacy is critical to improving breastfeeding outcomes and achieving public health targets. This study examined the extent to which breastfeeding knowledge is associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy among second-time nursing mothers in Angeles City, Pampanga. A cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design was employed using snowball sampling to recruit 104 second-time nursing mothers. Data were collected using the Gender-Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (GFBFKS) and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form (BSES-SF). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. Respondents demonstrated high breastfeeding knowledge (3.98 ± 1.29) and high breastfeeding self-efficacy (3.85 ± 1.27). Pearson's correlation revealed a strong positive relationship between breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy (r = 0.872*, p-value 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that breastfeeding knowledge predicts self-efficacy (β = 0.677, t = 18.034, p = 0.001), explaining 76.1% of the variance (R² = 0.761). Breastfeeding knowledge significantly predicts maternal confidence in breastfeeding ability. These findings support the integration of knowledge-based assessments and targeted educational interventions into prenatal and postnatal care, reinforcing initiatives such as the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition's 5.8% annual increase target and the WHO's exclusive breastfeeding goals, ultimately strengthening maternal and child health outcomes in Central Luzon
Copyright (c) 2025 Allyssa G. Llaneta, Frances Lurene M. Mercado, Sophia Joana T. Yalung, Sean Mikhail E. Diomampo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Organizational Justice, Work Resilience, and Teacher Affective Attitudes of Elementary School Teachers in San Jose North District
This study investigated the intricate relationships between organizational justice, work resilience, and teacher affective attitudes among elementary school educators in the San Jose North District. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 100 elementary school teachers using a closed questionnaire featuring a 5-point Likert scale. Stratified random sampling was utilized to ensure representation across the district. Analysis of the data revealed high levels of perceived procedural, distributive, interpersonal, and informational justice among teachers, suggesting a culture of fairness and transparency within the organizational framework. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated high levels of work resilience, particularly in aspects related to authentic living, vocational alignment, and networking, though areas for growth were identified in stress management, collaborative interaction, and well-being maintenance. Notably, elementary school teachers in the San Jose North District exhibited positive affective attitudes, manifesting in constructive interactions, conflict resolution skills, nurturing relationships, and the cultivation of student-centric classroom environments characterized by high expectations and supportive guidance. The study establishes significant associations between perceived organizational justice and both work resilience and teacher affective attitudes, indicating that perceptions of fairness and transparency impact educators' adaptability and perseverance. Additionally, a notable correlation was observed between work resilience and teacher affective attitudes, emphasizing the role of resilience in fostering positive emotional responses and attitudes among teachers. This research underscores the interconnectedness of organizational justice, work resilience, and teacher affective attitudes, highlighting the importance of cultivating supportive organizational environments to enhance educators' well-being and effectiveness in the San Jose North District's elementary schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vina Eunice Bernabe, Dr. Joanne D. Gorospe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Seas of opportunity: Development of an innovative capacity building program for thriving seaweed producers
Seaweed aquaculture supports a number of coastal communities in the Philippines, but aquaculture farmers experience declining production, stagnant markets, and lack of access to innovation. In Occidental Mindoro, these restrictions pose risks to livelihood sustainability while at the same time providing prospects for product development and capacity building. This study evaluated the knowledge, skills and training needs among 30 purposively sampled seaweed farmers in Magsaysay through a descriptive research design and structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that most farmers were of prime working age (30 - 39), were predominantly male, married, and high school educated. Community-based knowledge exchange was confirmed through their primary information sources, which included meetings and seminars (56.7%). Farmers showed a strong interest in entrepreneurship, more specifically the topic "Your Seaweed, Your Business: Learning the Entrepreneur's Mindset." Face-to-face training was the preferred modality (M=4.8) and 16 hours was considered the optimal duration. Although individual Local Authorities provide support, there are currently no formal programs. The study concludes that seaweed entrepreneurs can and are willing to respond to participatory, community-based training programs which can combine entrepreneurship, sustainability practices, and innovation. Such efforts will assist seaweed aquaculture to shift from a subsistence-oriented activity to a resilient and market-oriented activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Maria Angelica B. Sunga, Dr. Jason G. Ramirez, Dr. Fye Dunaway R. Asio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Hydro morphological assessment using the habitat survey method of Pandurucan River in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
Describing the physical characteristics and natural processes of a river system required field investigation and site survey. The River Habitat Survey (RHS) was developed to guide water managers to provide technical descriptions of the river ecosystem useful in the conservation and rehabilitation of the riverside habitats. The survey was conducted to assess the hydro morphological features of the river to provide substantial evidence for the corrective measures applicable to the river. This study employed the procedures suggested by RHS to present the habitat quality assessment and habitat modification scores that describe the present diversity and ecology of Pandurucan River in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA) scores reflected that the river has poor diversity and naturalness, as shown by the physical features of the channel, bed, and riverbank. The high value of the Habitat Modification Score showed that the river is severely modified by the existing land use, structures, and development in the river, describing the present ecology in the river. The study further proved that rehabilitation strategies must be prioritized in the objective of reviving the Pandurucan River.
Copyright (c) 2025 MICHELLE ENRIQUEZ (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Educational and social transformation through leadership, culture, and inclusive practice
In a rapidly changing educational and social landscape, the search for responsive, ethical, and inclusive systems continues to challenge institutions, educators, policymakers, and communities. This issue of the Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies brings together critical scholarly articles examining the dynamics of leadership, learning modalities, cultural identity, health beliefs, and institutional research culture. These contributions offer empirical insights and perspectives on inclusive and ethical societies in uncertain times.
When innovation meets the island: A lesson in localized commercialization from Palawan
In research circles, we often celebrate innovation whether in new tools, new technologies, fresh discoveries. And rightly so. But here’s the hard truth: a lot of these breakthroughs don’t make it out of the lab. Despite the best efforts of our universities and research institutions, many technologies never reach the people who need them most. Nowhere is this disconnecting more evident than in agriculture and aquaculture. In these fields, the right innovation can change lives – helping farmers produce more, spend less, and adapt to a changing climate. But how do we get those technologies into the hands of real people, in real communities?
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Maria Mojena G. Plasus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Voices from the field: A narrative case study on inclusive education as reflection for practice, policy, and research
This narrative case study explored the lived experiences of teachers involved in four inclusive education programs under the Department of Education (DepEd) in the Davao Region: Special Education (SPED), Indigenous Peoples Education (IPED), the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), and the Alternative Learning System (ALS). Two teachers per program, from a specific locality, shared in-depth narratives. Using Cortazzi’s narrative analysis framework, the study examined how educators interpret and navigate their teaching contexts. Eight initial themes emerged and were synthesized into four core themes representing each program. SPED emphasized high-quality education through integrated assessment and differentiated instruction. IPED focused on inclusivity, equity, and opportunity for Indigenous learners. The 4Ps narratives highlighted equitable access and teacher support, while ALS underscored collaboration and impactful teaching to foster inclusive excellence. These findings revealed the power of teacher narratives in shaping inclusive education. The study advocates for integrating these insights into practice, policy, and research to create a more equitable and responsive educational system for all learners.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Honey Lyn P. Valentos , Dr. Marilou D. Junsay (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of brigada pagbasa program on students’ academic program: a comparative study
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Brigada Pagbasa Program in enhancing students’ academic performance in the Filipino subject at San Vicente National High School. A comparative research design was employed to analyze the academic performance of 50 students before and after their participation in the program during the academic year 2020–2021. The Brigada Pagbasa Program was implemented through structured reading sessions, tutorial activities, and community-supported literacy interventions facilitated by teachers and volunteers. Students’ performance was assessed using their final grades in the Filipino subject from Grade 7 (prior to the program) and Grade 8 (after program participation). Results showed that students initially performed at a “moderate” level, with a mean grade of 83.74, which improved to a “high” level, with a mean grade of 87.12 after one year of program implementation. A paired t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in academic performance (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the Brigada Pagbasa Program was effective in supporting academic achievement in Filipino. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single subject, reliance on historical academic records, and the absence of control for external factors that may have influenced student outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mr. Melvin M. Acas, April Joy Balilo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research culture and ethics of faculty researchers at the university level
A strong ethical foundation safeguards the rights and welfare of research participants, fosters public trust, and aligns research practices with both global standards and local values. This paper will address university faculty researchers' research culture and ethical practices. The paper will examine the shared challenges, incentives, and advantages of research at the individual, professional, and institutional levels. This paper facilitated purposive sampling to select the four participants who will undergo key informant interviews as the data collection process and used reflexive thematic analysis for data analysis. based on the extracted data, the global theme “research uplifts human potential that goes beyond the community” was created to summarize the study. the analysis is organized into three main themes, illustrating how research influences and extends beyond academic and community boundaries. The analysis indicates that research driven by institutional and personal motivations can significantly uplift human potential and extend its benefits beyond academic settings into the broader community. This multi-faceted approach to understanding research culture and ethics illustrates the complex interplay between individual aspirations, institutional frameworks, and societal contributions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renelle V. Caraig (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Adversity quotient and teaching internship achievement of pre-service teachers: A cross-sectional study
The adversity quotient is a measure of a person's ability to overcome challenges and setbacks. It is one of the many important factors that contribute to the students’ success in their academic pursuits. This study investigated how pre-service teachers’ ability to navigate and thrive in challenging situations, as measured by the adversity quotient, influenced their success and performance during their internship experience. In this quantitative study, a cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationship between adversity quotient and teaching internship achievement and to investigate whether the pre-service teachers vary in their levels of adversity quotient when they are grouped according to age, sex, and academic program. This study involved 100 pre-service teachers from the College of Teacher Education in a state college in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. Participants were selected using stratified proportional random sampling. The results of the study showed that the majority of participants in this study are females aged 21 to 23 years old and were enrolled in the Bachelor in Elementary Education program. It was found out that the AQ level of the pre-service teachers is high, and they exhibited an outstanding level of teaching internship achievement. Results also showed that pre-service teachers’ level of adversity quotient is positively and significantly correlated with their teaching internship achievement. It was also revealed in this study that the adversity quotient of pre-service teachers does not appear to be significantly influenced by their age, sex, or academic program. With these findings, an intervention program for the AQ enhancement of pre-service teachers was proposed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Michelle G. Gabasa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Batak parents’ challenges and aspirations in indigenous education: Insights for policies and practices
This study examines the educational challenges and aspirations of Batak parents in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines. Guided by two central questions — “What challenges do you face in school education?” and “How would you like to see your children ten years from now?”— the research adopts a qualitative phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of 24 parents of Grade 5 and 6 learners from selected elementary schools serving the Batak community. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the local language to promote authenticity and comfort in sharing. Thematic analysis, based on Braun and Clarke’s framework, revealed three key themes for educational challenges: economic barriers, resource deficiency, and curriculum-related challenges, which encompass financial instability, lack of educational resources, and struggles with standardized assessments and language barriers. For aspirations, three major themes emerged: educational achievement, economic stability and empowerment, and community leadership and contribution. Parents expressed hopes for their children to complete their education, secure stable employment, and contribute meaningfully to their community as leaders and role models. This study stresses the need for culturally responsive educational policies, improved resource allocation, and systemic interventions that address the unique challenges of indigenous communities
Copyright (c) 2025 Ian Jake J. Saavedra, Manuel L. Bucad, Mark Donnel D. Viernes, Josephine M. Salmo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant and lactating women in SAMARICA District, Occidental Mindoro: A health belief model perspective
COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for public health, yet hesitancy persists among specific populations, including pregnant and lactating women. This study aimed to determine the willingness of pregnant and lactating women in SAMARICA District, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and identify factors influencing their attitudes. This is an analytical cross-sectional study design using Health Belief Model survey interview. The total of 82 pregnant and lactating women from SAMARICA district in Occidental Mindoro were included through convenience sampling. Data were collected on demographics, perceived health status, vaccine information sources, and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Results shows that government trust (r=.492; p value=.000); perceived severity (r=.384; p value=.000); perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (r=.522; p value=.000); perceived barriers of COVDI-19 vaccination (r=.364; p value=.001) were positively correlated with the respondents’ cues to action. Rural residence was also associated with higher vaccination intention. While overall vaccination intention was high, targeted interventions are necessary to address remaining hesitancy among this vulnerable population. Strengthening health communication campaigns and addressing specific concerns regarding vaccine safety during pregnancy and lactation are crucial for improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnold Jann L. Cariaso, Artemio M. Gonzales Jr (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perceived effectiveness and encountered difficulties encountered on virtual learning modality among students of a state college in the Philippines
This research aimed to identify the level of effectiveness and difficulties in online learning modality experienced by the students of Occidental Mindoro State College Mamburao Campus as well as relationship and differences between respondents’ profile, perceived effectiveness and difficulties under the said modality. The study involved 339 students of Occidental Mindoro State College. The study is quantitative and descriptive in nature to which the data was gathered primarily using a self-made questionnaire distributed to the respondents via Google Forms. Findings revealed that the students’ level of perceived effectiveness with regard to online learning modality is at a moderate level and deemed to be highest in terms of knowledge transfer and lacking in retention. Likewise, the students’ level of difficulty in the said modality is in moderation but happened to have the highest in personal and community and least in institutional factors. On the other hand, the profile was found to have no significance with online learning’s effectiveness while difficulty and effectiveness was found have profound effect with one another. Then, the profile of the respondents has nothing to do with the effectiveness of online mode of learning. Lastly, the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the perceived level of difficulty when grouped according to the students’ age, sex, year level and program taken. Based from the findings, it is evident that online learning modality poses both advantages and disadvantages to learners and that the results may vary depending on various factors. From these, it concluded that online learning modality should be implemented thoughtfully and supported by robust pedagogical strategies, as needed in order to leverage the strengths of the said modality while mitigating its respective weaknesses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rose Anne Paguio, Dr. Cristina A. Caponpon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Authorship: Who truly deserves the credit?
Publishing research is the highest form of disseminating research results, and places important social and ethical obligations on the author(s). For authors engaged in scholarly work, successful publication significantly enhances opportunities for academic funding and professional advancement, while simultaneously elevating scientific and scholarly recognition. Nevertheless, the privileges associated with authorship demand a comprehensive responsibility, including the thorough planning, implementation, analysis, and reporting of research, as well as the ethical considerations, the integrity of the content, and implications related to scholarly works being published. Research misconduct encompasses unethical practices in research and publication, primarily urging the retraction of academic articles and promoting public skepticism and distrust in science (Candal-Pedreira et al., 2023). The criteria for legitimate co-authorship are extensively debated, with questionable authorship practices frequently identified as a significant challenge to research integrity (Godecharle et al., 2018). Many questionable authorship practices do not meet the legal definitions of research misconduct, which generally encompass only falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism (Goddiksen et al., 2023). Being an author is not just a recognition, but it holds great responsibility and accountability. So, who deserves to be credited as an author? International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME, 2015), recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work (scholarship); AND Drafting the work or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content (authorship); AND Final approval of the version to be published (approval); AND Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved (agreement). A person should meet all these criteria to be considered as an author. All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgment section. However, these criteria continue and are rampantly violated by many authors who prowl with the publication of scientific works and articles. One of the concerns of the academic community in regards to authorship and considered to be morally and ethically unacceptable – the gift authorship or honorary author. I shared this thought in my public social media post and repeatedly shared but seems to be ignored. Still, I would like to share this again anyway. Gift authorship is defined as “co-authorship awarded to a person who has not contributed significantly to the study. Most of the senior researcher pressured their junior researchers to award the authorship There are several possible reasons for gift authorship. Junior researchers often feel pressured to accept or assign authorship to their senior co-workers who have substantial powers over their future careers. In addition, junior researchers may believe that including more experienced colleagues as authors will increase their chances of publication. Senior investigators may give gift authorship for encouraging collaboration and maintaining good working relations or as repayment for favors. Regardless of the cause, gift authorship is an unacceptable practice for academic publications” (Zaki, 2011). Authorship should ideally be limited to colleagues who make a genuine academic contribution to an article. Issues between undergraduate students and their thesis advisers have been circulating on social media. Some have questioned whether the thesis adviser should be considered an author. If they are included as an author, where should their name be placed? Considering the ICMJE authorship criteria, a thesis or dissertation adviser should only be listed as an author if they have contributed to the research described in the paper, regardless of whether it is an undergraduate or graduate thesis. When a significant portion of the thesis or dissertation is included in the paper, the student who made the most substantial contribution is recognized as the principal author. Senior authorship, on the other hand, is typically reserved for the thesis adviser or, in some cases, the principal investigator overseeing the project in which the student conducted a study component. These titles carry both distinction and responsibility, emphasizing the importance of properly crediting each contributor’s role. Moreover, the student should approve on the final version of the article to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. In the question, whose name should come first? In determining the sequence of authorship, Riesenberg and Lundberg (1990) have a simple but concise suggestion: The practice of awarding honorary authorship is unacceptable. Individuals who provide support and advice that does not meet the criteria for authorship may be acknowledged with their consent. The first author is the individual who has made the greatest contribution, including writing the manuscript. The sequence of author listing is determined by the relative contributions to the work. It is customary for the senior author to be listed last, sometimes regardless of their contribution. The senior author, like all other authors, must meet all authorship criteria. Decisions regarding authors and the order of their names should be made as early as possible, even at the beginning, although relative contributions may need to be reviewed later by group consensus. There are various concerns regarding authorship, including ghost authorship and issues related to the authorship or contributorship of published data. We welcome the submission of editorials and perspectives to share in the Mindoro Journal of Social Sciences and Development Studies (MJSSDS). We also encourage comments responding to the ideas shared in this journal.
Copyright (c) 2024 Artemio Jr. Gonzales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Principal leadership, good governance, and teachers’ commitment to organizational change
This study investigates the relationship between principal leadership, good governance, and teachers’ commitment to organizational change. Specifically, it aims to identify which indicators of principal leadership and governance significantly influence teacher commitment to change initiatives. A total of 100 teachers across ten public elementary schools in Caluya, Antique, participated in the study. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected through a researcher-constructed survey questionnaire to systematically measure perceptions of leadership, governance, and commitment to change. The findings revealed a positive correlation between teachers’ perceptions of principal leadership and their commitment to change, suggesting that effective leadership fosters stronger engagement in change initiatives. Similarly, good governance practices, particularly participatory decision-making, were identified as influential in strengthening teachers’ commitment. Interestingly, while principal leadership as a whole did not significantly predict commitment levels, the governance aspect of participatory decision-making emerged as a notable predictor. The study underscores the critical role of inclusive governance practices in enhancing teacher commitment during organizational change. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge in educational leadership by offering empirical evidence on the dynamics of school governance and leadership in shaping change readiness. These insights hold practical implications for school leaders and policymakers in designing context-responsive leadership and governance frameworks. Future research is recommended to expand the scope and address the study’s limitations by exploring additional variables and applying the model in varied educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shaolin Y. Ladra, Dr. Joanne D. Gorospe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Discovering barriers to and enablers for cooperative entrepreneurship: Evidence from Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
Cooperatives, as social and economic companies, provide valuable services to people from all walks of life across the globe. However, empirical studies clearly lack organizational impediments and practices for encouraging entrepreneurial activities. For that reason, every obstacle uncovered during entrepreneurial activities should be studied and reviewed. Generally, the objective of this research was to discover the barriers to and enablers for cooperative entrepreneurship by focusing on individual and organizational processes, culture, and lessons learned through entrepreneurial activities at the chosen business. This study was conducted in the province of Occidental Mindoro. The 16 members of the cooperative in this research served as the participants in the study. A face-to-face interview with the participants was conducted and they were asked to write their answers on a sheet of paper for analysis. This research used thematic analysis to analyze and interpret the data that were gathered in the interview. The findings revealed that four themes emerged for the barriers to cooperative entrepreneurship such as the management of funds, issue with human resources, inadequate capacity, and poor planning of strategy. On the other hand, three themes emerged for the enablers for cooperative entrepreneurship such as the independence and personal freedom, income stability and financial achievement, and social and community motivation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Jason G. Ramirez, Dr. Rommel A. Avillanoza, Dr. Fye Dunaway R. Asio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Harnessing research utilization for evidence-informed practice and policy
Research utilization is integral to evidence-based practice (EBP) and evidence-informed policy (EIP). This involves utilizing research findings as the foundation for decision-making concerning policy, advocacy, resource allocation, planning and management, and program systems development and strengthening. Such utilization can be achieved through various means, including organizing workshops, publishing articles, crafting policy briefs, offering technical support, and conducting individual meetings with stakeholders (Walugembe et al., 2015). The concept of research utilization is described in various literatures as knowledge translation, knowledge management, knowledge exchange, knowledge transfer, knowledge utilization, or research dissemination (Murunga et al., 2020). Research institutions, particularly higher education institutions, that demonstrate the capacity for generating high-quality and reputable research are often deeply integrated into the decision and policy-making process. Consequently, they wield more influence in translating and transferring research findings into practice and policy decisions. Research findings can be utilized at various stages within the policymaking process, spanning from agenda setting to policy formulation and implementation (Edwards et al., 2019). However, there remains a disparity in the process of translating research into practice, which continues to be slow, erratic, and uncertain. This leads to diminished benefits relative to the considerable societal investment in research. In settings such as low-resource countries, the ramifications of ineffective research utilization are magnified, emphasizing the need for decision-makers to substantiate their decisions with rigorous evidence of high quality (Poot et al., 2018). Researchers may encounter difficulties in engaging with stakeholders, such as evidence users and policymakers, to enhance the impact of their research. They may require tools that facilitate better engagement and maximize the value of research utilization. Organizational and colleague support, along with ongoing education, play crucial roles in facilitating research utilization. Additionally, personal and professional commitment can further enhance the process (Minogue et al., 2022). At the institutional level, the emphasis lies in how higher education institutions prioritize the utilization of research findings. This involves implementing policies, such as incentives and guidelines, and allocating budgets for activities geared towards research utilization. Moreover, it entails establishing processes, like forging institutional partnerships with target audience entities, and creating dedicated structures, such as research utilization units, to empower researchers in actively advocating for the integration of evidence into both policy-making and practical applications.
Copyright (c) 2024 Artemio M. Gonzales Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Community-based flood alert system using long-range technology for Brgy. San Agustin, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
Floods are common disasters experienced in almost all parts of the world. The Philippines experienced varying degrees of flood events and almost all parts of the country are monitored during heavy rains and typhoons. As flood events continue to increase in the future, disaster risk management agencies intensifies strategies to mitigate impacts of flood at barangay level. This study presented a flood alert system for Brgy. San Agustin, San Jose Occidental Mindoro, Philippines to inform the community during the risk of flood. The developed system is composed of Arduino Uno microcontroller, Long Range, Global System for Mobile communication Module, water level sensors and temperature-humidity sensors. Once the sensors are activated and detected the water level, it will send alert message to the Global System for Mobile communication module and send flood alert messages to the receiver with response time of not exceeding ten (10) seconds. The simulation programmed in Arduino Uno showed that it is capable of real-time detection of water level and sending alert messages. The performance of the GSM module showed its capability of sending flood alert messages based on the water level detection. The developed system successfully showed its ability to send flood alert messages with corresponding alert description.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adrian Paul N. Abella, Dr. Michelle D. Enriquez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The students’ readiness to the modern office technology in Occidental Mindoro State College
This study was conducted to determine the readiness of the Bachelor of Science in Office Administration (BSOA) students at Occidental Mindoro State College (OMSC) to the quick-change of modern office technology. This study utilized descriptive comparative research and respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. This study will be beneficial to the Institution, faculty, and students. The study will serve as an enhancement of the curriculum to cope with the changes in the modern office setting. The result shows that the students have a very high level of readiness for modern office technology. More so, the students’ level of readiness to modern office technology has significant difference when grouped according to sex and civil status. However, there is no significant difference in terms of their age. Related recommendations were given based on the findings in the study.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Maria Angelica B. Sunga , Ms. Jenalyn M. Halog , Dr. Angela M. Galisanao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The effectiveness of math journal in improving the mathematics performance of grade 9 students
This study employed a true experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of math journaling on the mathematics performance of Grade 9 students. The study spanned six weeks, with two groups of 25 students each selected to represent the control and experimental groups, respectively. The experimental group engaged in math journaling, while the control group followed a conventional instructional strategy. Both groups underwent pretest and posttest assessments based on Most Essential Learning Competencies. The findings revealed that after the intervention, the experimental group achieved a slightly higher mean post-test score. Statistical analysis indicated significant improvement within both groups after conventional instruction, and the experimental group demonstrating significant improvement with math journaling. Nevertheless, the post-test comparison between the groups did not yield a statistically significant difference suggesting that both instructional methods were equally effective in enhancing mathematics performance. The relevance of this study to mathematics instruction lies in its exploration of innovative strategies, such as math journaling, to potentially improve student learning outcomes in mathematics education.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Joanne D. Gorospe, Norman G. Gorospe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Gastronomic identity of San Jose Occidental Mindoro as perceived by the tourists and local residents
Gastronomy is highly valued by tourists, who travel to discover a destination's local cuisine, explore its restaurants, taste typical products, and experience unique traditions. The current study explored gastronomic identity as a destination's strategic competency, primarily based on primitive and existing culinary resources. It aimed to determine differences between tourists and residents in their perspectives on San Jose's gastronomic identity, considering seven determinants such as geographical conditions, environmental factors, cultural elements, on-premises food service establishments, promotion, food quality and variety, and culinary style. The study employed a descriptive research design, utilizing descriptive statistics like mean, frequency, and percentage to quantify variables, along with an independent t-test. Findings suggest the establishment of San Jose's gastronomic identity, with cuisine serving as the core aspect of the destination's intangible heritage, offering tourists an authentic gastronomical experience. Both local residents and tourists showed high ratings for various determinants of San Jose's gastronomic identity, particularly in food provision and culinary techniques, reflecting a positive perception of the town's gastronomy. This positive outcome has the potential to enrich the visitor experience, establishing a direct connection to Mindoro Province's people, culture, and heritage. Recommendations include better promoting the town's gastronomic identity, identifying gaps in services and products for tourists and locals, conducting studies related to local food, and organizing culinary festivals to showcase innovative products and attract more tourists, thereby promoting the province's gastronomic identity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dixie C. Castro, Grashielle V. Barrientos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Establishing livelihood resilience among fishing communities: The case of tuna (Thunnus albacares) fisheries in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
In Occidental Mindoro, catching yellowfin tuna isn't just an occupation—it's deeply embedded in the culture. However, recent times have seen a decline in their fortunes. Older fishers remember when the seas were abundant with tuna, but now many voyages yield nothing. The changing temperature of the oceans affects tuna quality, leading to decreased market prices. Coupled with high fishing expenses, many fishermen find themselves struggling financially. This research delves into these pressing issues, seeking to understand the lived experiences and resilience strategies of these fishers. This study investigates these challenges and aims to better understand the experiences in sustaining their livelihood and coping strategies to overcome the economic, environmental, and social challenges of the small-scale tuna fishers. The study was a qualitative type of research utilizing a phenomenological approach and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Furthermore, the study proposed adaptive measures employed by small-scale tuna fishing communities in Occidental Mindoro to effectively steer the intricate web of economic, environmental, and social obstacles that beset them. By implementing strategies like income diversification, credit availability, strengthening market connections and advocacy, these communities demonstrate a proactive approach to securing their livelihoods and stimulating their resilience in the face of complex challenges. This research underlines the significance of local-level strategies in fostering community well-being and emphasizes the potential for informed decision-making in supporting the sustainable development of such communities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Fye Dunaway R. Asio, Jean P. Gulac , Dr. Jason G. Ramirez , Dr. Liezel C. Garcia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0